Opening the Black Box of “Not Invented Here”: Attitudes, Decision Biases, and Behavioral Consequences

References

• Afuah A., Tucci C. L. (2012). Crowdsourcing as a solution to distant search. Academy of Management Review, 37(3), 355–375.Link , Google Scholar
• Agerström J., Rooth D.-O. (2011). The role of automatic obesity stereotypes in real hiring discrimination. Journal of Applied Psychology, 96(4), 790–805. Google Scholar
• Agrawal A., Cockburn I., Rosell C. (2010). Not invented here? Innovation in company towns. Journal of Urban Economics, 67(1), 78–89. Google Scholar
• Ajzen I. (2001). Nature and operation of attitudes. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 27–58. Google Scholar
• Albach H., Pay D., Rojas R. (1991). Quellen, Zeiten und Kosten von Innovationen. Deutsche Unternehmen im Vergleich zu ihren japanischen und amerikanischen Konkurrenten. Zeitschrift für Betriebswirtschaft, 61(3), 309–324. Google Scholar
• Allen T. J. (1977). Managing the flow of technology: Technology transfer and the dissemination of technological information within the R&D organization. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Google Scholar
• Allen T., Katz R., Grady J., Slavin N. (1988). Project team aging and performance: The roles of project and functional managers. R&D Management, 18(4), 295–308. Google Scholar
• Argote L., McEvily B., Reagans R. (2003). Managing knowledge in organizations: An integrative framework and review of emerging themes. Management Science, 49(4), 571–582. Google Scholar
• Ashforth B. E., Mael F. (1989). Social identity theory and the organization. Academy of Management Review, 14(1), 20–39.Link , Google Scholar
• Baer M., Brown G. (2012). Blind in one eye: How psychological ownership of ideas affects the types of suggestions people adopt. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 118(1), 60–71. Google Scholar
• Benner M. J., Tushman M. L. (2003). Exploitation, exploration, and process management: The productivity dilemma revisited. Academy of Management Review, 28(2), 238–256.Link , Google Scholar
• Biehl M., Kim H., Wade M. (2006). Relationships among the academic business disciplines: A multi-method citation analysis. Omega, 34(4), 359–371. Google Scholar
• Bitner M. J., Brown S. W. (2008). The evolution and discovery of services science in business schools. In Strauss B.Englemann K.Kremer A.Luhn A. (Eds.), Services science (pp. 91–101). Berlin: Springer. Google Scholar
• Biyalogorsky E., Boulding W., Staelin R. (2006). Stuck in the past: Why managers persist with new product failures. Journal of Marketing, 70(2), 108–121. Google Scholar
• Bohner G., Dickel N. (2011). Attitudes and attitude change. Annual Review of Psychology, 62, 391–417. Google Scholar
• Bohner G., Wänke M. (2002). Attitudes and attitude change. Hove, UK: Psychology Press. Google Scholar
• Bryman A. (2008). Social research methods. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar
• Bstieler L., Hemmert M. (2010). Increasing learning and time efficiency in interorganizational new product development teams. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 27(4), 485–499. Google Scholar
• Burcharth A. L. de A., Knudsen M. P., Søndergaard H. A. (2014). Neither invented nor shared here: The impact and management of attitudes for the adoption of open innovation practices. Technovation, 34, 149–161. Google Scholar
• Burrows P. (2000, July 31). Apple: Yes, Steve, you fixed it! Congrats! Now what’s act two? Business Week, 102–112. Google Scholar
• Cassiman B., Veugelers R. (2006). In search of complementarity in innovation strategy: Internal R&D and external knowledge acquisition. Management Science, 52(1), 68–82. Google Scholar
• Chang Y.-Y., Gong Y., Peng M. W. (2012). Expatriate knowledge transfer, subsidiary absorptive capacity, and subsidiary performance. Academy of Management Journal, 55(4), 927–948.Link , Google Scholar
• Chen S., Chaiken S. (1999). The heuristic-systematic model in its broader context. In Chaiken S.Trope Y. (Eds.), Dual-process theories in social psychology (pp. 73–96). New York: Guilford Press. Google Scholar
• Choliz M. (2010). Cognitive biases and decision making in gambling. Psychological Reports, 107(1), 15–24. Google Scholar
• Clagett R. P. (1967). Receptivity to innovation—Overcoming NIH. Thesis. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA. Google Scholar
• Cohen W. M., Levinthal D. A. (1990). Absorptive capacity: A new perspective on learning and innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35(1), 128–152. Google Scholar
• Crano W. D., Prislin R. (2006). Attitudes and persuasion. Annual Review of Psychology, 57(1), 345–374. Google Scholar
• Cucina J. M., Martin N. R., Vasilopoulos N. L., Thibodeaux H. F. (2012). Self-serving bias effects on job analysis ratings. Journal of Psychology, 146(5), 511–531. Google Scholar
• Dahlander L., Gann D. M. (2010). How open is innovation? Research Policy, 39(6), 699–709. Google Scholar
• Demski R. M., McGlynn R. P. (1999). Fear or moral indignation? Predicting attitudes toward parolees. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 29(10), 2024–2058. Google Scholar
• Eagly A. H., Chaiken S. (1993). The psychology of attitudes. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, Thomson. Google Scholar
• Eisenhardt K. M. (1989). Agency theory: An assessment and review. Academy of Management Review, 14(1), 57–74.Link , Google Scholar
• Elkins T. J., Phillips J. S., Konopaske R. (2002). Gender-related biases in evaluations of sex discrimination allegations: Is perceived threat the key? Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(2), 280–292. Google Scholar
• Elmquist M., Fredberg T., Ollila S. (2009). Exploring the field of open innovation. European Journal of Innovation Management, 12(3), 326–345. Google Scholar
• Englich B., Mussweiler T., Strack F. (2006). Playing dice with criminal sentences: The influence of irrelevant anchors on experts’ judicial decision making. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32(2), 188–200. Google Scholar
• Fazio R. H. (1990). Multiple processes by which attitudes guide behavior: The mode model as an integrative framework. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 23, 75–109. Google Scholar
• Fazio R. H., Olson M. A. (2003). Implicit measures in social cognition research: Their meaning and use. Annual Review of Psychology, 54(1), 297–327. Google Scholar
• Fey C. F., Furu P. (2008). Top management incentive compensation and knowledge sharing in multinational corporations. Strategic Management Journal, 29(12), 1301–1323. Google Scholar
• Franke N., Keinz P., Steger C. J. (2009). Testing the value of customization: When do customers really prefer products tailored to their preferences? Journal of Marketing, 73(5), 103–121. Google Scholar
• Galinsky A. D., Moskowitz G. B. (2000). Perspective-taking: Decreasing stereotype expression, stereotype accessibility, and in-group favoritism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78(4), 708–724. Google Scholar
• Gesing J., Antons D., Piening E. P., Rese M., Salge T. O. (2015). Joining forces or going it alone? On the interplay between external collaboration partner types, inter-firm governance modes and internal R&D. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 32(3), 424–440. Google Scholar
• Gigerenzer G., Gaissmaier W. (2011). Heuristic decision making. Annual Review of Psychology, 62, 451–482. Google Scholar
• Goldstein D. G., Gigerenzer G. (2002). Models of ecological rationality. Psychological Review, 109(1), 75–90. Google Scholar
• Green S. E. (2004). A rhetorical theory of diffusion. Academy of Management Review, 29(4), 653–669.Link , Google Scholar
• Grimpe C., Kaiser U. (2010). Balancing internal and external knowledge acquisition: The gains and pains from R&D outsourcing. Journal of Management Studies, 47(8), 1483–1509. Google Scholar
• Gupta A. K., Govindarajan V. (2000). Knowledge flows within multinational corporations. Strategic Management Journal, 21(4), 473–496. Google Scholar
• Haas M. R. (2010). The double-edged swords of autonomy and external knowledge: Analyzing team effectiveness in a multinational organization. Academy of Management Journal, 53(5), 989–1008.Link , Google Scholar
• Harbring C., Irlenbusch B. (2011). Sabotage in tournaments: Evidence from a laboratory experiment. Management Science, 57(4), 611–627. Google Scholar
• Hauser J. (1998). Research, development, and engineering metrics. Management Science, 44(12), 1670–1689. Google Scholar
• Hauser J., Tellis G. J., Griffin A. (2006). Research on innovation: A review and agenda for marketing science. Marketing Science, 25(6), 687–717. Google Scholar
• Hayes R. H., Clark K. B. (1985). Exploring the source of productivity differences at the factory level. In Clark K. B.Hayes R. H.Lorenz C. (Eds.), The uneasy alliance: Managing the productivity-technology dilemma (pp. 151–188). Boston: Harvard Business School Press. Google Scholar
• Hergovich A., Schott R., Burger C. (2010). Biased evaluation of abstracts depending on topic and conclusion: Further evidence of a confirmation bias within scientific psychology. Current Psychology, 29(3), 188–209. Google Scholar
• Herzog P., Leker J. (2010). Open and closed innovation—different innovation cultures for different strategies. International Journal of Technology Management, 52(3/4), 322–343. Google Scholar
• Hess A. M., Rothaermel F. T. (2011). When are assets complementary? Star scientists, strategic alliances, and innovation in the pharmaceutical industry. Strategic Management Journal, 32(8), 895–909. Google Scholar
• Hewstone M., Rubin M., Willis H. (2002). Intergroup bias. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 575–604. Google Scholar
• Hölzl E., Kirchler E., Rodler C. (2002). Hindsight bias in economics expectations: I knew all along what I want to hear. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(3), 437–443. Google Scholar
• Hunter E. M., Perry S. J., Currall S. C. (2011). Inside multi-disciplinary science and engineering research centers: The impact of organizational climate on invention disclosures and patents. Research Policy, 40(9), 1226–1239. Google Scholar
• Hussinger K., Wastyn A. (2011). In search for the not-invented-here syndrome: The role of knowledge sources and firm success (ZEW Discussion Paper No.11-048). Mannheim, Germany: Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung/Center for European Economic Research. Google Scholar
• Husted K., Michailova S. (2002). Diagnosing and fighting knowledge-sharing hostility. Organizational Dynamics, 31(1), 60–73. Google Scholar
• Im S., Montoya M. M., Workman J. P. (2013). Antecedents and consequences of creativity in product innovation teams. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 30(1), 170–185. Google Scholar
• Jacobs J. A., Frickel S. (2009). Interdisciplinarity: A critical assessment. Annual Review of Sociology, 35, 43–65. Google Scholar
• Jain R. K., Triandis H. C. (1990). Management of research and development organizations. New York: Wiley. Google Scholar
• Jarell S. B., Stanley T. D. (2004). Declining bias and gender wage discrimination? Journal of Human Resources, 39(3), 828–838. Google Scholar
• Jeppesen L. B., Lakhani K. R. (2010). Marginality and problem-solving effectiveness in broadcast search. Organization Science, 21(5), 1016–1033. Google Scholar
• Kahneman D., Tversky A. (1979). Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica, 47(2), 263–291. Google Scholar
• Kathoefer D. (2012). Das not-invented-here syndrom in der wissenschaft (1st ed.). Göttingen, Germany: Sierke-Verl. Google Scholar
• Kathoefer D., Leker J. (2012). Knowledge transfer in academia: An exploratory study on the not-invented-here syndrome. Journal of Technology Transfer, 37(5), 658–675. Google Scholar
• Katz R., Allen T. J. (1982). Investigating the not invented here (NIH) syndrome: A look at the performance, tenure, and communication patterns of 50 R&D project groups. R&D Management, 12(1), 7–20. Google Scholar
• Kelley H. H. (1967). Attribution theory in social psychology. In Levine D. (Ed.), Nebraska symposium on motivation (pp. 192–238). Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press. Google Scholar
• Keysar B., Hayakawa S. L., An S. G. (2012). The foreign-language effect: Thinking in a foreign tongue reduces decision biases. Psychological Science, 23(6), 661–668. Google Scholar
• Klein K. J., Sorra J. S. (1996). The challenge of innovation implementation. Academy of Management Review, 21(4), 1055–1080.Link , Google Scholar
• Koch R., Leitner K.-H. (2008). The dynamics and functions of self-organization in the fuzzy front end: Empirical evidence from the Austrian semiconductor industry. Creativity and Innovation Management, 17(3), 216–226. Google Scholar
• Kostova T. (1999). Transnational transfer of strategic organizational practices: A contextual perspective. Academy of Management Review, 24(2), 308–324.Link , Google Scholar
• Kostova T., Roth K. (2002). Adoption of an organizational practice by subsidiaries of multinational corporations: Institutional and relational effects. Academy of Management Journal, 45(1), 215–233.Link , Google Scholar
• Kozlowski S. W. J., Chao G. T., Grand J. A., Braun M. T., Kuljanin G. (2013). Advancing multilevel research design capturing the dynamics of emergence. Organizational Research Methods, 16(4), 581–615. Google Scholar
• Laden K. (1996). “Not invented here,” or, the other person’s dessert always looks better. Research Technology Management, 39(6), 10–12. Google Scholar
• Lakatos I. (1978). Falsification and the methodology of scientific research programmes. In Lakatos I. (Ed.), The methodology of scientific research programmes (pp. 8–101). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar
• Lane P. J., Koka B. R., Pathak S. (2006). The reification of absorptive capacity: A critical review and rejuvenation of the construct. Academy of Management Review, 31(4), 833–863.Link , Google Scholar
• Laursen K., Salter A. (2006). Open for innovation: The role of openness in explaining innovation performance among U.K. manufacturing firms. Strategic Management Journal, 27(2), 131–150. Google Scholar
• Leonard-Barton D. (1992). Core capabilities and core rigidities: A paradox in managing new product development. Strategic Management Journal, 13(S1), 111–125. Google Scholar
• Lichtenthaler U. (2011). Open innovation: Past research, current debates, and future directions. Academy of Management Perspectives, 25(1), 75–93.Link , Google Scholar
• Lichtenthaler U., Ernst H. (2006). Attitudes to externally organising knowledge management tasks: A review, reconsideration and extension of the NIH syndrome. R&D Management, 36(4), 367–386. Google Scholar
• Lidwell W., Holden K., Butler J. (2010). Universal principles of design: 125 ways to enhance usability, influence perception, increase appeal, make better design decisions, and teach through design. Minneapolis: Rockport Publishers. Google Scholar
• Lucas H. C. J., Goh J. M. (2009). Disruptive technology: How Kodak missed the digital photography revolution. Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 18(1), 46–55. Google Scholar
• Lüttgens D., Antons D., Pollok P., Piller F. T. (2014). Wisdom of the crowd and capabilities of a few: Internal success factors of crowdsourcing for innovation. Journal of Business and Economics, 84(3), 339–374. Google Scholar
• Lyness K. S., Heilman M. E. (2006). When fit is fundamental: Performance evaluations and promotions of upper-level female and male managers. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(4), 777–785. Google Scholar
• March J. G. (1991). Exploration and exploitation in organizational learning. Organization Science, 2(1), 71–87. Google Scholar
• McEvily B., Perrone V., Zaheer A. (2003). Trust as an organizing principle. Organization Science, 14(1), 91–103. Google Scholar
• McKinlay A., Starkey K. (1992). Strategy and human resource management. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 3(3), 435–450. Google Scholar
• Mehrwald H. (1999). Das “not-invented-here”-syndrom in forschung und entwicklung. Berlin: Springer. Google Scholar
• Menon T., Pfeffer J. (2003). Valuing internal vs. external knowledge: Explaining the preference for outsiders. Management Science, 49(4), 497–513. Google Scholar
• Menon T., Thompson L., Choi H.-S. (2006). Tainted knowledge vs. tempting knowledge: People avoid knowledge from internal rivals and seek knowledge from external rivals. Management Science, 52(8), 1129–1144. Google Scholar
• Michailova S., Husted K. (2003). Knowledge-sharing hostility in Russian firms. California Management Review, 45(3), 59–77. Google Scholar
• Milkman K. L., Chugh D., Bazerman M. H. (2009). How can decision making be improved? Perspectives on Psychological Science, 4(4), 379–383. Google Scholar
• Morrison E. (1966). Men, machines and modern times. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Google Scholar
• Munro G. D., Ditto P. H. (1997). Biased assimilation, attitude polarization, and affect in reactions to stereotype-relevant scientific information. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23(6), 636–653. Google Scholar
• Nelson J. E., Beggan J. K. (2004). Self-serving judgments about winning the lottery. Journal of Psychology, 138(3), 253–264. Google Scholar
• Nickerson R. S. (1998). Confirmation bias: A ubiquitous phenomenon in many guises. Review of General Psychology, 2(2), 175–220. Google Scholar
• Nosek B. A., Hawkins C. B., Frazier R. S. (2011). Implicit social cognition: From measures to mechanisms. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 15(4), 152–159. Google Scholar
• Onarheim B., Christensen B. T. (2012). Distributed idea screening in stage–gate development processes. Journal of Engineering Design, 23(9), 660–673. Google Scholar
• Pay D. (1989). Kulturspezifische determinanten der organisation von innovationsprozessen. Ein empirischer vergleich in deutschen und amerikanischen unternehmen. Zeitschrift für Betriebswirtschaft (Ergänzungsheft), 59(1), 131–175. Google Scholar
• Pay D. (1995). Organisationsmaßnahmen zur verkürzung der innovationszeit europäischer unternehmen. Zeitschrift für Betriebswirtschaft (Ergänzungsheft), 65(1), 77–102. Google Scholar
• Petty R. E., Wegener D. T. (1998). Matching versus mismatching attitude functions: Implications for scrutiny of persuasive messages. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24(3), 227–240. Google Scholar
• Pierce J. L., Kostova T., Dirks K. T. (2001). Toward a theory of psychological ownership in organizations. Academy of Management Review, 26(2), 298–310.Link , Google Scholar
• Pierce S. J. (1991). Subject areas, disciplines, and the concept of authority. Library & Information Science Research, 13(1), 21–35. Google Scholar
• Plott C. R., Zeiler K. (2005). The willingness to pay–willingness to accept gap, the “endowment effect,” subject misconceptions, and experimental procedures for eliciting valuations. American Economic Review, 95(3), 530–545. Google Scholar
• Pratkanis A. R., Greenwald A. G. (1989). A sociocognitive model of attitude structure and function. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 22, 245–285. Google Scholar
• Read D., Grushka-Cockayne Y. (2011). The similarity heuristic. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 24(1), 23–46. Google Scholar
• Reagans R., McEvily B. (2003). Network structure and knowledge transfer: The effects of cohesion and range. Administrative Science Quarterly, 48(2), 240–267. Google Scholar
• Ritov I., Baron J. (1990). Reluctance to vaccinate: Omission bias and ambiguity. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 3(4), 263–277. Google Scholar
• Rogan M., Mors M. L. (2014). A network perspective on individual-level ambidexterity in organizations. Organization Science. Retrieved from http://ssrn.com/abstract=2384510 Google Scholar
• Rosenberg M. J., Hovland C. I. (1960). Cognitive, affective, and behavioral components of attitudes. Hovland In C. I.Rosenberg M. J. (Eds.), Attitude, organization and change: An analysis of consistency among attitude components (pp. 1–14). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. Google Scholar
• Sadler-Smith E., Shefy E. (2004). The intuitive executive: Understanding and applying “gut feel” in decision-making. Academy of Management Executive, 18(4), 76–91.Abstract , Google Scholar
• Salomo S., Keinschmidt E. J., De Brentani U. (2010). Managing new product development teams in a globally dispersed NPD program. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 27(7), 955–971. Google Scholar
• Scott S. G. (1997). Social identification effects in product and process development teams. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 14(2), 97–127. Google Scholar
• Shannon C. E., Weaver W. (1964). The mathematical theory of communication (11th ed.). Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press. Google Scholar
• Sieg J. H., Wallin M. W., von Krogh G. (2010). Managerial challenges in open innovation: A study of innovation intermediation in the chemical industry. R&D Management, 40(3), 281–291. Google Scholar
• Simon H. A. (1955). A behavioral model of rational choice. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 69(1), 99–118. Google Scholar
• Skilton P. F., Dooley K. J. (2010). The effects of repeat collaboration on creative abrasion. Academy of Management Review, 35(1), 118–134.Link , Google Scholar
• Song J., Asakawa K., Chu Y. (2011). What determines knowledge sourcing from host locations of overseas R&D operations? A study of global R&D activities of Japanese multinationals. Research Policy, 40(3), 380–390. Google Scholar
• Song M., Swink M. (2009). Marketing–manufacturing integration across stages of new product development: Effects on the success of high- and low-innovativeness products. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 56(1), 31–44. Google Scholar
• Staw B. M. (1981). The escalation of commitment to a course of action. Academy of Management Review, 6(4), 577–587.Link , Google Scholar
• Strack F., Werth L., Deutsch R. (2006). Reflective and impulsive determinants of consumer behavior. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 16(3), 205–216. Google Scholar
• Szulanski G. (1996). Exploring internal stickiness: Impediments to the transfer of best practice within the firm. Strategic Management Journal, 17(Sp. Iss.), 27–43. Google Scholar
• Tajfel H., Turner J. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In Austin W. G.Worchel S. (Eds.), Psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 33–48). Monterey, CA: Brooks-Cole. Google Scholar
• Talke K., Salomo S., Rost K. (2010). How top management team diversity affects innovativeness and performance via the strategic choice to focus on innovation fields. Research Policy, 39(7), 907–918. Google Scholar
• Toosi N. R., Ambady N., Babbitt L. G., Sommers S. R. (2012). Dyadic interracial interactions: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 138(1), 1–27. Google Scholar
• Uhlmann E. L., Leavitt K., Menges J. I., Koopman J., Howe M., Johnson R. E. (2012). Getting explicit about the implicit: A taxonomy of implicit measures and guide for their use in organizational research. Organizational Research Methods, 15(4), 553–601. Google Scholar
• Von Hippel E. (1988). The sources of innovation. New York: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar
• Von Hippel E. (2005). Democratizing innovation. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Google Scholar
• Wood G., Wilkinson A., Harcourt M. (2008). Age discrimination and working life: Perspectives and contestations—a review of the contemporary literature. International Journal of Management Reviews, 10(4), 425–442. Google Scholar
• Wood W. (2000). Attitude change: Persuasion and social influence. Annual Review of Psychology, 51(1), 539–570. Google Scholar
• Wuyts S., Colombo M. G., Dutta S., Nooteboom B. (2005). Empirical tests of optimal cognitive distance. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 58, 277–302. Google Scholar
• Zahra S. A., George G. (2002). Absorptive capacity: A review, reconceptualization, and extension. Academy of Management Review, 27(2), 185–203.Link , Google Scholar
• Zak E. (2013, October 3). How Twitter’s hashtag came to be. WSJ.com, Digits. Retrieved from http://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2013/10/03/how-twitters-hashtag-came-to-be Google Scholar
• Zardkoohi A. (2004). Do real options lead to escalation of commitment? Academy of Management Review, 29(1), 111–119.Link , Google Scholar